La primera vez que se presencia una crisis comicial generalizada representa un gran impacto. La actuación en esta situación es sencilla pero muy importante
Lo primero es conservar la calma, ya que una actuación precipitada puede ser peligrosa. Posteriormente:
Tratar de que la persona no se lesione durante la crisis epiléptica, quitando objetos peligrosos de alrededor (aristas de muebles, objetos punzantes, etc) y colocando algo blando bajo su cabeza, para evitar que se golpee contra el suelo.
Aflojar ropas alrededor del cuello, (corbatas, camisa, etc.).
Se debe colocar de lado con cuidado, para facilitar la respiración.
Se debe colocar de lado con cuidado, para facilitar la respiración.
Observar la duración de la crisis epiléptica. En la gran mayoría de las ocasiones este tipo de crisis epilépticas finaliza en dos o tres minutos, tras lo cual la persona se recupera gradualmente.
Se debe esperar al lado de la persona hasta que la crisis epiéptica termine. Dejar que descanse hasta que se recupere y comprobar que vuelve poco a poco a la situación normal.
NO SE DEBE:
No se debe tratar de inmovilizar a la persona por la fuerza durante la crisis epiléptica.
No se debe introducir ningún objeto en la boca con el afán de que la lengua no vaya hacia atrás, dado que puede
ser peligroso si traga este objeto y se queda alojado en las vías respiratorias, además de las posibles lesiones orales, al intentar introducirlo a la fuerza.
No es necesaria la respiración boca a boca durante la crisis convulsiva, aunque se tenga la impresión de que la respiración queda bloqueada por la rigidez, salvo que la persona no vuelva a comenzar a respirar terminada la crisis convulsiva.
Nunca se debe dar agua, alimentos o pastillas por la boca durante la crisis epiléptica o poco después puesto que un posible vómito con el conocimiento alterado puede ser muy peligroso.
La administración de medicamentos durante la crisis epiléptica en otra forma que no sean pastillas, solamente se debe dar en caso de que la crisis se prolongue o bien por indicación del médico en situaciones clínicas concretas. Así mismo, una vez finalizada la crisis epiléptica no es útil la administración de medicación sedante.
GENERALMENTE LAS CRISIS CEDEN ESPONTANEAMENTE CON RECUPERACIÓN COMPLETA, por lo que una crisis habitual en un paciente epileptico conocido en el que no varían ni las caracteristicas ni la frecuencia de la crisis no precisa necesariamente atención medica urgente.
DEBEMOS AVISAR A 112 en los siguientes casos:
Si la crisis epiléptica dura más de 5 minutos.
Si la crisis epiléptica se repite en corto espacio de tiempo.
Si no recupera por completo la situación previa, tras un periodo de tiempo prudencial después de la crisis epiléptica.
Si ha habido un traumatismo importante durante la crisis epiléptica.
Si la persona que ha sufrido la crisis epiléptica está embarazada.
Si se trata de una persona que no sea epiléptica. En este caso no se conoce la causa y puede tener una enfermedad aguda que requiera un diagnóstico y tratamiento urgente (por ejemplo, meningitis, trombosis cerebral, intoxicación, etc.).
VIDEOS
Actuar frente a una crisis de epilepsia v.corta (APICE):
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